The Downfalls Of Enron, By Han, Henry - 959 Words

The key factors or critical issues presented in the case are the downfalls of Enron, which originated out of Houston Texas by Han, Henry(n.d.). He was one of the highest paid Chief Executive Officers in 1999. This organization was aware of the first gas pipeline company that implied known worldwide. The company covers the world’s leading electricity innovations, personnel management, and risk management processes. Also, further studies the company s dramatic failed complex issues that the forced company to file bankruptcy. These items consisted of its trading strategies became under attack or questionable by others within the business sector. Their methods of financial reporting problems (showed the company as attaining, loses, however, the owners and other factors of the organization showed an excessive amount of profit and growth), and governance breakdowns inside and outside the organization. The case offers students a prospect to explore the rise and fall of Enron and to u nderstand the systemic issues in management that affected its board of directors, the audit committee, the external auditors, and financial analysts. Therefore, this was the beginning of the end at Enron: Jeff Skilling publicly announced he was quitting as Chief Financial Officer. For many of those working within the organization, this is when the downfall and it became (Skilling Takes a Hike (2001) evident. The CEO and CFO or Enron s regarded as the villain my personal perception are that theyShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesGreat figures in the social sciences: Max Weber (1864–1920) Max Weber was born in 1864 into a prosperous German bourgeoisie family. He went to the University of Freiberg in 1881, where he enrolled as a student of law. According to his biographers Hans Gerth and C Wright Mills (1948), Weber became a member of the duelling club where he learnt to hold his own in drinking bouts as well as duels. He became a member of academic staff at the University of Heidelberg, but after a period of depression,Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesChair, Department of Management, Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame; Matherly-McKethan Eminent Scholar in Management, Warrington College of Business Administration, University of Florida; Stanley  M. Howe Professor in Leadership, Henry B. Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa; Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University; Lecturer, Charles University, Czech Republic, and Comenius UniversityRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesdeveloped a range of specialised nutritional supplement products. These products will soon be launched through the specialty and multi-level chan- Two comments on the entry into the nutriceuticals market In an interview in October 2006 for this case, Hans van der Wielen, Numico’s CEO from 1992 until 7 May 2002, commented on the background of the strategy of 1998 and the US acquisitions in later years: Numico was positioned between the pharmaceutical market and the food market. In the infant formulaRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesremained a fixture of Versatec’s culture long after Renn’s retirement. It is also important to pay close attention to the basis for promotions and rewards. What do people see as the keys to getting ahead within the organization? What contributes to downfalls? These last two questions can yield important insights into the qualities and behaviors which the organization honors as well 84 Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture as the cultural taboos and behavioral land mines that can derail

Postag197v1 And Buddy D. Therapist Dan - 939 Words

Bandito and Buddy-D Therapist Dan: â€Å"We’ve spoken a lot about Xavier and some about his mates. What about you and your mates. Don’t you reason that’s worth speaking about?† Me: â€Å"Sure. Where shall I start?† Therapist Dan: â€Å"With whomever you want.† Me: â€Å"Well, I met Bandito in my high school geometry class. I thought he appeared strange with his massive awkward looking metal braces and half a tongue. He looked like a Mexican Adam Sandler, but he had this contagious charm about him. He was outspokenly funny in class and I wanted to share that laughter with him. I wanted to be friends with Bandito, but I didn’t know how until Xavier, my best friend, invited me to hang with him and his new friend Buddy-D one Friday after school. Buddy-D was a larger than life kid physically (he weighed 400 lbs.) and was as sharp intellectually as a samurai sword. He sported wire framed nerdy eye glasses, his skin was a light brown and he wore a ponytail. He looked like a big fucking Samoan, okay. When I came over to his house with Xavier, I realized he was in my social studies class, so we were familiar with each other already. Therapist Dan: â€Å"I don’t mean to interrupt, but was Buddy-D your corpulent friend, the one you hung out with until 4:00 A.M. at Denny’s?† Me: â€Å"Yes, but that happened a long after I first met him. So he was hospitable, offered us drinks and even set up his PlayStation for us to play games on. Xavier and I got comfortable on the comfy couch while Buddy-D was busy talking onShow MoreRelatedPostag197v1 And Buddy D. Therapist Dan942 Words   |  4 PagesBandito and Buddy-D Therapist Dan: â€Å"We’ve talked a lot about Xavier and a little about his friends. What about you and your friends. Don’t you think that’s worth talking about?† Me: â€Å"Sure. Where should I start?† Therapist Dan: â€Å"With whomever you want.† Me: â€Å"Well, I first met Bandito in my high school geometry class. I thought he was strange looking with his huge clunky looking metallic braces, and half a tongue. He looked like a Mexican Adam Sandler, but he had this infectious charm about him. He

Nutrition for Dermal Therapies

Question: Discuss about the Nutrition for Dermal Therapies. Answer: Introduction: Wound healing is a complex process and leads to restore tissue damage. Amino acid arginine plays significant role in this restoration of tissue damage. Arginine proved to be effective in improving wounf healing, increasing collagen deposition and decreasing breaking strength of incisions. Hence, arginine proved to be effective in wound healing. Arginine is an essential amino acid which is a part of urea cycle. Arginine is intraconvertible to citrulline, ornithine, and agmatine. In a healthy human, 2 g per day arginine can be synthesized by the kidney from citrulline. Citrulline can be converted to arginine by action of series of enzymes like argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase. Biosynthetic pathways cant prepare sufficient amount of arginine based on the condition of the individual. It should be supplemented externally in young people and in few cases like injury and burns (Currell and Dam-Mieras, 2014). Persons with poor nutrition should be advised to consume foods containing arginine. Arginine can be obtained from both plant and animal sources. Animals sources of arginine comprises of dairy products like cottage cheese, ricotta, milk, yogurt and whey protein drinks, beef and pork like gelatin and chicken, and turkey light meat, seafood like halibut, lobster, salmon, shrimp, snails and tuna. Plant sour ces of arginine comprises of wheat germ and flour, lupins, buckwheat, granola, oatmeal, peanuts, nuts like coconut, pecans, cashews, walnuts, almonds, Brazil nuts, hazelnuts and, pinenuts, seeds like hemp, pumpkin, sesame and sunflower, chickpeas, cooked soybeans and Phalaris canariensis (Patel et al., 2016). Wound healing is a multifaceted and dynamic process. In wound healing, there is replacement of devitalized and missing cellular structures and tissue layers. Wound healing includes four phases like hemostasis phase, the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase, and the remodeling phase (Demidova-Rice et al., 2012). Hemostasis phase occurs in the first few minutes after injury. Platelets stick to injured site and platelets get activated. Platelets change to the amorphous shape and release factors responsible for clotting. As a result, there is activation of fibrin and formation of mesh which facilitate binding of platelets to each other. This clot formation plugs broken part of blood vessels and prevents further bleeding. In inflammatory phase, there is clearance of damaged cells, dead cells, bacteria, other pathogens and debris. In proliferation phase, there is occurrence of angiogenesis, collagen deposition, granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, and wound contraction. In remodeling phase, collagen realigned in line with the tension lines and unwanted cells gets removed by apoptosis (Singh et al., 2013) Wound healing comprises of different events like chemotaxis, phagocytosis, angiogenesis, production of new glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans, neocollagenesis, collagen degradation, epithelization, and collagen remodeling. In wound healing there is replacement of normal skin with the fibroblastic mediated scar tissue. In normal skin, epidermis and dermis form a protective barrier against external stimuli. When this barrier is disrupted, a series of biochemical reactions occur to repair the damage. Wound healing process is fragile process and its interruption and failure in this process can lead to chronic wounds. Non-healing wounds mainly occur in patients of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, infection and metabolic deficiencies due to old age. In such cases treatment and management should be provided to the patient. One of the management approaches for wound healing is by supplementation of the nutrients like arginine because nutritional deficiencies have significant impa ct on the wound healing (Demidova-Rice et al., 2012) Cellular mechanisms: Arginine can synthesize highly reactive nitric oxide (NO), which releases citrulline. This citrulline can be recycled to arginine. Administration of arginine can be useful in improving blood flow to the limbs in both normal and diseased individuals. Arginine potentiates release of growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), both of which are responsible for improvement in the wound healing. Animals exhibited improvement in survival rate, increased wound-breaking strength and augmented wound collagen accumulation. Arginine produces its effects in wound by two pathways like NOS isoforms and arginase isoforms. It is evident that there are increased levels of citrulline and NOx in wound as compared to plasma. It indicates NOS is responsible for conversion of arginine. There are more levels of ornithine in wound as compared to the plasma. It indicates arginase is responsible for arginine metabolism. There is temporal increase in citrulline and NOx levels in wound, indicating s equential stimulation of different arginine metabolic pathways at the wound site. NOx dependent pathway is responsible for the initial phase of wound healing while citrulline dependent pathway is responsible for the later phase of wound healing. There is increased iNOS expression in macrophages, PMNs, fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells in skin at wound site as compared to the skin at normal site (Chow and Barbu, 2014). Arginine is necessary for NO synthesis by activated macrophages and neutrophils. Arginine facilitate fibroblast formation which is essential for collagen formation and tissue repair. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that collagen synthesis in wound fibroblasts is regulated by NO. In vitro studies indicate that stimulation of human fibroblsts from skin with LPS and INF-gamma produces more amount of eNOS and iNOS. It indicates increase in inflammatory cytokines in wound. It is evident that arginine can inhibit inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IN F- gamma. There is increased expression of ARG1 and ARG2 in PMN in skin of wound, while there is no expression in skin without wound. In vitro studies indicate that function of arginase release form the PMN is to reduce NO formation by macrophages, endothelial cells and T cells. However, this fact should be proved in vivo studies by conducting more number of studies. Upregulation of ARG1 in wound fibroblasts provides substrate for collagen synthesis and cell proliferation. It is evident that ARG1 is necessary for ornithine production and ARG2 for polyamines production in bovine endothelial cells. It indicates that both the pathways are important for the wound healing process (Kurmis et al., 2010). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production increases and peaks within 24 72 hours after wound and it leads to the NO and citrulline production. NO exhibits its action by acting as antimicrobial agents and by augmenting blood flow to the healing wound. Transforming growth factor- (TGF-) which is an inhibitor of iNOS pathway can stimulate arginase pathway and production of collagen. In the final step of the urea cycle, arginase acts as catalyst to break arginine into ornithine and urea. There are two isoforms of arginase are available like arginase 1 and arginase 2. Both of these isoforms can play important role in would healing by increasing production of ornithine. This ornithine can be metabolized to numerous polyamines under the action of ornithine decarboxylase. These polyamines facilitate cellular growth, required for the wound healing. Arginine is also important for the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and keratinocyte growth factor. Arginine is u seful in healing of cutaneous wounds and also useful in healing of fractures. Arginine is also useful in treating wounds due to different clinical conditions like diabetes and hemorrhage/trauma. It has been observed that arginase levels are less in wound as compared to the plasma. It indicates arginine consumption at wound site. Both growth hormone and NO are responsible for the wound healing by arginine supplementation because arginine did not exhibit improvement in wound healing breakage strength and/or collagen deposition in iNOS KO mice. It is evident from the literature that arginine can increase protein amount in wounds and muscles by a different mechanism from NO production (Singh et al., 2012; Debats et al., 2011). Measured outcomes in treating wound with arginine comprises of different physical and biochemical parameters. These outcomes comprises of rate of healing, elevation of insulin growth factor 1, improved nitrogen balance, increased hydroxyprolyne accumulation which indicates collage deposition, rate of epithalization of wounds, increased response of lymphocytes to mitogenic and allogeneic stimulation (Alexander and Dorothy, 2014). Role of arginine in wound healing can be established by measuring biomarkers in both plasma and wounds. These biomarkers include arginase-1, arginase-2, NOx, iNOS and eNOS. Expression of these markers can be measured in different cells like epithelial cells, fibroblasts, polymorphonuclear (PMNs) cells, macrophages, endothelial cells and glandular cells. There is increase in the level of these markers in wounded skin as compared to the unwounded skin. NOx, iNOS and eNOS levels in the plasma and wound can be measured using HPLC. Arginase levels can be measure u sing ELISA method and western blot technique. Cellular distribution of these markers can be detected using Immunohistochemical staining (Drover et al., 2014). It is evident that, 20 g/day arginine can be safely administered to adults and it is well tolerated in adults. However, there was no significant study done to establish dose response curve of arginine, most effective dose and timing of administration. Arginine is safe when consumed in the prescribed dose. However, it can produce adverse effects when consumed in the excess dose. These adverse effects include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, gout, and blood abnormalities. Arginine should be administered in the children with more caution because high dose of arginine can produce serious adverse effects including death in children. It is evident that arginine can multiply herpes virus. Hence, arginine can make herpes worse. In patients with low blood pressure Arginine should be administered with caution because arginine can reduce blood pressure. As arginine has effect on blood pressure, it should not be taken before and after 2 weeks of surgery. Arginine can increase risk of death af ter heart attack in older people. Hence, it should not be taken immedietly after heart attack. In patients with kidney disease, arginine can increase potassium levels, increasing risk of irregular heart beat. Arginine has the property of producing allergic reactions. Hence, it should be taken with caution in Asthma patients. Anaphylaxis and hives are also reported in persons with arginine consumption. Arginine may increase risk of bleeding, hence it should not be taken with medications which increases risk of bleeding. High doses of arginine should not be administerd in patients with established sepsis because it can cause hypotension and other cardiovascular complications (Kotsirilos et al., 2011; Patel et al., 2016). There is abundant literature from animal studies and clinical trials available for the usefulness of arginine in wound healing. Seifter and collegues showed that arginine deficient animals, when supplemented with arginine exhibited increased wound collage deposition, augumented wound breaking strength and increased survival. In an animal study, Zhang and collegues reported that there was increased protein balance in skin wound and muscles. Leigh and collegues conducted a study on humans with the administration of 4.5 g and 9 gm twice daily for three weeks in patients with pressure ulcers. At both the administered doses healing rate was similar, however, healing rate was improved in treatment groups as compared to the control group. In one study administration of 17 g arginine for 14 days resulted in significant increase in IGF-1 and improved nitrogen balance compared to placebo group. In another study with 17 gm arginine for 14 days, treatment group exhibited enhanced hydroxyprolene accumulation which indicates augumented collagen production and elevated levels of IGF-1, however, there was no change in the rate of epithelialization of the wound. A comprehensive study was conducted by De Luis, comprising of 72 patients and arginine supplementation was initiated after 24 hours after surgery. In this study, it was observed that fistula formation and length of stay in the hospital were less as compared to the control group (Alexander and Dorothy, 2014). Conclusion: Until recently, primary focus of nutrients is to prevent nutritional deficiencies. However, in recent times nutrients are increasingly proved to be efficacious in the treatment of disease conditions. Arginine is an amino acid useful in the wound healing. Translational and clinical data are available for the wound healing properties of the arginine. It has been established that arginine can exhibit wound healing property through NO pathway and arginase pathway. Arginine is also safe when consumed in the prescribed dose. Energy and protein requirements should be met while administering arginine for wound healing. In summary, arginine administration can improve wound healing. References: Alexander, J. W., and Dorothy, M. (2014). Role of Arginine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Wound Healing and Infection. Advances in Wound Care, 3(11), 682690. Chow, O., and Barbu, A. (2014). Immunonutrition: Role in Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration. Advances in Wound Care, 3(1), 4653. Currell, B.C., and Dam-Mieras, R.C.E. (2014). Biosynthesis Integration of Cell Metabolism. Butterworth-Heinemann. Debats, I.B., Koeneman, M.M., Booi, D.I., Bekers, O., and van der Hulst, R.R. (2011). Intravenous arginine and human skin graft donor site healing: a randomized controlled trial. Burns, 37, 420. Demidova-Rice, T. N., Hamblin, M. R., and Herman, I. M. (2012). Acute and Impaired Wound Healing: Pathophysiology and Current Methods for Drug Delivery, Part 1: Normal and Chronic Wounds: Biology, Causes, and Approaches to Care. Advances in Skin Wound Care, 25(7), 304314. Demidova-Rice, T. N., Hamblin, M. R., and Herman, I. M. (2012). Acute and impaired wound healing: pathophysiology and current methods for drug delivery, part 2: role of growth factors in normal and pathological wound healing: therapeutic potential and methods of delivery. Advances in Skin Wound Care, 25(8), 349-70. Drover, J.W., Dhaliwal, R., Weitzel, L., Wischmeyer, P.E., Ochoa, J.B., and Heyland, D.K. (2011). Perioperative use of arginine-supplemented diets: a systematic review of the evidence. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 212, 385. Kotsirilos, V., Vitetta, L., and Sali, A. (2011). A Guide to Evidence-based Integrative and Complementary Medicine. Elsevier Australia. Kurmis, R., Parker, A., Greenwood, J. (2010). The use of immunonutrition in burn injury care: where are we? Journal of Burn Care Research, 31(5), 677-91. Patel, V. B., Preedy, V. R., and Rajendram, R. (2016). L-Arginine in Clinical Nutrition. Humana Press. Singh, M.R., Saraf, S., Vyas, A., Jain, V., and Singh, D. (2013). Innovative approaches in wound healing: trajectory and advances. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 41(3), 202-12. Singh, K., Coburn, L.A., Barry, D.P., Boucher, J., Chaturvedi, R., and Wilson, K.T. (2012). L-arginine uptake by cationic amino acid transporter 2 is essential for colonic epithelial cell restitution. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 302, G1061.

Volpone monologue from the play by Ben Jonson Essay Example For Students

Volpone monologue from the play by Ben Jonson Essay A monologue from the play by Ben Jonson NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Volpone (1605). CORVINO: Death of mine honour, with the city\s fool! A juggling, tooth-drawing, prating mountebank! And at a public window! where, whilst he, With his strained action, and his dole of faces, To his drug-lecture draws your itching ears, A crew of old, unmarried, noted lechers Stood leering up like satyrs; and you smile Most graciously, and fan your favours forth, To give your hot spectators satisfaction! What, was your mountebank their call? their whistle? Or were y\ enamoured on his copper rings? His saffron jewel with the toad-stone in\t? Or his embroidered suit, with the cope-stitch, Made of a hearse-cloth? or his old tilt-feather? Or his starched beard? Well, you shall have him, yes! He shall come home, and minister unto you The fricace of the mother. Or, let me see, I think you\d rather mount; would you not mount? Why, if you\ll mount, you may; yes, truly, you may! And so you may be seen, down to th\ foot. Get you a cittern, Lady Vanity, And be a dealer with the virtuous man; Make one. I\ll but protest myself a cuckold, And save your dowry. I\m a Dutchman, I! For if you thought me an Italian, You would be damned ere you did this, you whore! Thou\dst tremble to imagine that the murder Of father, mother, brother, all thy race, Should follow, as the subject of my justice! I should strike this steel into thee, with as many stabs As thou wert gazed upon with goatish eyes! You were an actor, with your handkerchief, Which he most sweetly kissed in the receipt, And might, no doubt, return it with a letter, And \point the place where you might meetyour sister\s, Your mother\s, or your aunt\s might serve the turn. And therefore mark me: thy restraint before Was liberty To what I now decree. First, I will have this bawdy light damned up; And till\t be done, some two or three yards off, I\ll chalk a line, o\er which if thou but chance To set thy desp\rate foot, more hell, more horror, More wild remorseless rage shall seize on thee, Than on a conjuror that had heedless left His circle\s safety ere his devil was laid. Then, here\s a lock which I will hang upon thee; And, now I think on\t, I will keep thee backwards; Thy lodging shall be backwards, thy walks backwards, Thy prospect all be backwards, and no pleasure, That thou shalt know, but backwards. Nay, since you force My honest nature, know it is your own Being too open, makes me use you thus; Since you will not contain your subtle nostrils In a sweet room, but they must snuff the air Of rank and sweaty passengers! We will write a custom essay on Volpone monologue from the play by Ben Jonson specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now